To General Winter and Colonol muff, then, a third master strategian should be added: Marshall Vastness, we may call him. In Russia, a day of solid advances, a week of advances, a month, could start out an invading forces worn down day by day, but seemingly no closer to that magic conclusive victory. Vastness, winter, and mud all worked together. Vastness made supply lines immense and vulnerable. Winter made the need for provision, supply, and replacement particularly critical. Mud made the roads impassable. Soldiers and armies were ground, slowly, into the mud.
Finally, to the material conditions that make Russia so uncorrectable to capture, we must add the Russians' mastery of their environment. Their war machine adaptations extended from certified tactics and strategy withdrawals, "scorched earth" tactics, and the like, to such primal national traits as stubborn, enduring heroism. Russia is geographically difficult to conquer; Russia defended by the Russians has proven impossible to conquer.
forty winks and Hitler began their campaigns not unaware of the problems implicit in attempting to conquer Russia.
Hitler had th
By conparison a 550mile radius from Paris would take most of Germany, including Berlin, reach tight to Vienna, and would cover northern Italy, nearly to Rome, and Spain nearly to Madrid. In short, the entire regularise in which Napoleon won most of his victories was smaller in radius than the zone of hostile territory he would have to cross done in passing from the Russian frontier to Moscow. A military mind accustomed to reckoning and analysing in terms of a day's march would be disoriented by the scale of Russia. Moreover, an army give the gatenot keep up for a month the speed it can keep up for a few days' march, so the sequence element of military maneuvers expanded more rapidly than physical distance did.
Harbor brought the United States with its vast resources into the war on the Allied side. Hitler's gamble had failed.
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