Niels Bohr

Niels Bohr and Atomic physics M whatsoever looked upon Niels Bohr as inspiration for thermo thermonuclear physics. Not only is Niels Bohr credited with the establishment of the complex body part of the atom, precisely he also helped to explain the process of nuclear fusion. (Abbott, 1984) Because of his comp angiotensin-converting enzyment to atomic physics, Niels Bohr is unquestionably one of the most influential battalion of the twentieth century.

Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen, Denmark on October 7, 1885. (Abbott, 1984) Niels father was a professor of physiology at the University of Copenhagen, and this gave Niels a scientific environment to lie with in that he would remember for the rest of his life. (Hudson, 1992) Niels very front research project, completed in 1906, determined the surface latent hostility of water. This project was one of his first major achievements, and he gain the gold medal of the Academy of Sciences. (Abbott, 1984) In 1911, Bohr was awarded his doctorate for a theory explaining the behavior of electrons in metals. (Abbott, 1984) After earning his doctorate, Bohr went to study in Cambridge England to study with J.J. Thomson. Thomson didnt seem to be interested in Bohrs electron theory, so Bohr decided to go somewhere else where his meet would be much grievous. (Abbott, 1984) In 1912 Bohr started reckoning with Ernest Rutherford to create the structure of the atom in Manchester England. (Abbott, 1984) This is when Bohr began to establish the explanation of the atomic structure. (Abbott, 1984) He created models that showed electrons around rings on every side of the nucleus. (Abbott, 1984) He also determined that an electron couldnt radiate energy when it orbited an atom. (Asimov, 1991) He stayed in Manchester with Rutherford until 1913, and this is where he divulgeed his first papers on atomic and molecular structure. (Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989)         1913 was possibly one of Bohrs most substantial years in his life. In 1913 Bohr returned to his propertytown of Copenhagen to start a family with his married woman of one year. (Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989) When he had returned to Copenhagen in 1913, not umteen knew who he was and what he was in the process of. Only a sparse number of physicists knew about him, and many of them werent even interested in his theory. (Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989) In the same year, Bohr certain his theory of the atomic structure. He combined some of the principles of the quantum theory to what he saw when the atoms gave get through radiation. (Abbott, 1984) He also determined that the electron in the total heat atom could take on any number of orbits at different distances from the nucleus. (Asimov, 1991) There was no precedent for Bohrs quantized states of electrons in the atom. In the classical planetary model, the accelerated electrons had to radiate energy. yet in Bohrs quantum atom, electrons do not radiate in their nonmoving states. Cl earlyish, the electrons in Bohrs model were not little particles revolving around the nucleus. In fact, Bohr immediately recognized the inconsistency between his quantum model and any classical picture of electrons in the atom. Even at this early stage, Bohr was beginning to advocate a view of quantum theory indigent of pictures and interpretation. We may talk of quantized orbits, barely this should not still us into thinking of orbiting particles. Its better to speak of electrons existing in a nonpicturable quantized state, and not to think of electrons as particles in that state. (Jones, 1992, pages 148-149)         In 1920 Bohr became the director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, built especially for him by the authorities of Denmark. (Abbott, 1984) The Institute cursorily became a center for theoretical physicists from throughout the world, many developed Bohrs work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behavior of electrons within atoms. (Abbott, 1984, page 25)         In 1922 was a year full of accomplishments for Bohr. He won the Nobel Prize for physics. He won this by showing that a person couldnt work out the structure of the atom according to classic physics, but instead by using the quantum theory. (Asimov, 1991) Another thing that had happened was the constitution had discovered a new element called hafnium. (Abbott, 1984) Many more honors came his way, one after another, not stopping. Back at home in Denmark, people appreciated and acknowledged him for all of the work he had make. (Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989)         In the 1930s, Bohr concentrated more on determination out about nuclear reactions. (Abbott, 1984) In 1939 Bohr proposed his liquid-droplet model for the nucleus. This explained wherefore a heavy nucleus might not be able to sustain fission after getting a neutron. (Abbott, 1984) This fact helped explain and show that isotope Uranium-235, and not Uranium-238, undergoes fusion.



(Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989)         When World contend II was happening, Bohr took large steps to try to help. His Institute had locomote more of a refuge than a study of physics. It was a refuge for all of the scientists trying to escape from Nazi persecution. (Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989) at once Denmark fell, Bohr left the institute because he didnt want to cooperate with the Nazis. (Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989) He escaped from Denmark to Sweden, and then from Sweden to England. (Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989) From England he came to the United States and immediately helped with the using of the atomic bomb. (Abbott, 1984) While helping with the atomic bomb, he was full helping solve physical problems that were going on, but afterwards he started to have a passion for the control of nuclear weapons. (Abbott, 1984)         Niels Bohr died on November 16, 1962, but not before he got to publish three volumes of his essays: Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature, Atomic Physics and the Human Knowledge, and Essays 1958-1962 on Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge. (Abbott, 1984) He was in the middle of his scientific experiment, and he was almost done with it, but he died before he had a opportunity to finish it. (Boorse, Motz, Weaver, 1989)         As you can see, Niels Bohr is a very important person. Without Niels Bohr, we may not have a structure of the atom, nuclear fusion, or possibly even the atomic bomb. Niels Bohr really had a passion for what he did. I dont think that we have so many of those scientists around anymore. Our world may have been a lot different if Niels Bohr wouldnt have made so many discoveries. As you can see, because of his contribution to atomic physics, Niels Bohr is unquestionably one of the most influential people of the twentieth century.

Bibliography Abbot, David, ed. The Biographical vocabulary of Scientists: Physics. newfangled York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1984.

Asimov, Isaac. Atom: Journey Across the subatomic Cosmos. New York: Truman Talley Books, 1991.

Boorse, Henry A., Lloyd Motz, and Jefferson Hane Weaver. The Atomic Scientists: A Biographical History. New York: Wiley Science Editors, 1989.

Hudson, John. The History of Chemistry. New York: Chapman and Hall, 1992.

Jones, Roger S. Physics for the Rest of Us. cabbage: Contemporary Books, 1992.

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